Efectos del entrenamiento de la fuerza en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo II: revisión sistemática / Effects of resistance training in people with Type II diabetes mellitus: systematic review / Efeitos do treinamento de resistência em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo II. revisão sistemática

El presente artículo busca analizar las evidencias aportadas del entrenamiento de la fuerza comprobando su influencia en la Diabetes Mellitus tipo II utilizando la literatura existente sobre este objeto de estudio. Se realizo una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA donde el principal contexto fue el entrenamiento de la fuerza en pacientes con Mellitus II, siendo buscados en bases de datos Pubmed, Embase y Scopus donde fueron seleccionados 7 artículos. Los hallazgos señalan consistentemente que el entrenamiento de la fuerza bien programado incide gradualmente en algunos marcadores que identifican la diabetes Mellitus II al realizar intervenciones con sistemas de entrenamiento de la fuerza de forma positiva. Los autores recomiendan estudios con muestras mayores en lo posible de tipo control para verificar la incidencia del entrenamiento en las variables mencionadas en este estudio.

This Article Seeks analyzes the evidence provided by strength training, verifying its influence on Type II Diabetes Mellitus by using the existing literature on this subject of study. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines, where the main context was strength training in patients with Mellitus II. The search was carried out in Pubmed, Embase, and Scopus databases where 7 articles were selected. The findings consistently indicated that a well-structured strength training program gradually affected some markers that identify diabetes Mellitus II when performing interventions with strength training systems in a positive way. The authors recommend control-type studies with larger samples, if possible, to verify the incidence of training in the variables mentioned in this study.

Este artigo procura analisar as evidências fornecidas pelo treinamento de força, verificando sua influência no Diabetes Mellitus tipo II utilizando a literatura existente sobre este objeto de estudo. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA onde o principal contexto foi o treinamento de força em pacientes com Mellitus II, sendo pesquisada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Embase e Scopus onde foram selecionados 7 artigos. Os achados indicam consistentemente que o treinamento de força bem programado afeta gradualmente alguns marcadores que identificam o diabetes Mellitus II ao realizar intervenções com sistemas de treinamento de força de forma positiva. Os autores recomendam estudos do tipo controle com amostras maiores, se possível, para verificar a incidência de treinamento nas variáveis mencionadas neste estudo.

Physical Activity Levels and Psychological Well-Being during COVID-19 Lockdown among University Students and Employees.

During the lockdown for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), entire populations were instructed to live in home confinement. We investigated the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on the physical activity (PA) and mental health of students and employees in a Colombian University. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey during the first isolation. A total of 431 respondents (192 males) aged 18-60 years old (28.1 ± 11.1 years) participated. The international Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the short version of the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI-S) were used. The lockdown had a negative effect on PA levels, with students exhibiting the greatest decrease (~34%; p ˂ 0.001) compared to employees (~24%; p ˂ 0.01). The analysis showed a greater change in PA behavior before and during the lockdown in highly active student participants (5750 vs. 5141 MET min/week; p < 0.05). Additionally, the psychological assessment revealed a lower score in students compared to employees in the male (70.1 vs. 82.6) and female groups (60.2 vs. 79.6). Moreover, the results revealed an influence of sex, with only the female students exhibiting a state of distress. Self-reported PA and psychological well-being were compromised during the COVID-19 lockdown in the academic community, with students and females being more affected.

Levels of Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being in Non-Athletes and Martial Art Athletes during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The objectives of this study were to identify which of the sociodemographic variables affected psychological well-being in two populations that differed in their sports practice at the end of the COVID-19 lockdown in Colombia. Methods: The study was conducted through an online survey using the IPAQ-S and PGWBI-S questionnaires six months after the first SARS-CoV-2 lockdown, between 8 and 22 September 2020 in Colombia. The total number of study participants was 582, subdivided into two groups: (i) non-athlete university population (NA) without constant practice in physical activity or sports training (n = 470); and (ii) martial arts athletes (n = 122) with a sports career (A), 7.4 ± 3.4 years of experience, at different levels (advanced belts and black belts). Results: Sports practice, normal BMI levels and high levels of physical activity translated into absence of distress (ND) in the psychological well-being of populations. The variance between the factors could be explained by the general health dimension (2.4% population; 4.2% sex; 12% physical activity; 2.6% age). A moderate correlation between vitality and MET was found (r = 0.33; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The practice of a sport such as martial arts, normal body mass index and high levels of physical activity were factors that positively reduced levels of distress, translated into better psychological well-being in populations, and the general health dimension presented important contributions to psychological well-being. Intervention plans must be carried out, especially in populations that do not practice physical activity­mainly female and those under 40 years of age.

Asociación entre variables antropométricas y actividad física en personal administrativo perteneciente a una institución de educación superior en Colombia / Relationship between anthropometriy and physical activity in administrative staff belonging to a university in Colombia

RESUMEN: 20. La actividad física está fuertemente ligada al desarrollo y manteni miento de la composición corporal de las personas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre la actividad física y variables antropométricas de trabajadores de una universidad en Colombia. Participaron del estudio 84 hombres (38,1 ± 10 años y 79,2 ± 11 kg) y 119 mujeres (35,5 ± 9,5 años y 61,6 ± 10,6kg). El nivel de actividad física fue evaluado utilizando los criterios del International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Fueron tomadas las medidas de peso, altura, IMC, porcentaje de grasa y masa magra. Fueron encontradas diferencias significativas en los niveles de acti vidad física bajo-alto con nivel medio en el peso (p = 0,021), y medio-alto con bajo en el porcentaje de grasa (< 0,001) y masa magra (< 0,001). Se encontró una asociación entre la actividad física con el IMC (p = 0,002). Se concluye que los trabajadores con nivel bajo de actividad física tienen mayor porcentaje de grasa y menos masa magra.

ABSTRACT: 25. Physical activity is strongly related to the development and mainte nance of l body composition. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between physical activity and anthropometric vari ables of workers of a university in Colombia. 84 men (38.1 ± 10 years and 79.2 ± 11 kg) and 119 women (35.5 ± 9.5 years and 61.6 ± 10,6kg) participated of the study. The level of physical activity was assessed using the criteria of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. They were taken measures of weight, height, BMI, body fat percentage and lean mass. There were significant differ ences between low and high levels of physical activity in weight (p=0.021), between médium and high with low level for fat percent age (<0.001) and lean mass (<0.001) association was found between physical activity with BMI (p = 0.002). It is concluded that workers with low levels of physical activity have a higher percentage of fat and less lean mass.

Fallas humanas y accidentes de trabajo: una contribución de las investigaciones en prevención, control de los riesgos y accidentes / Human errors and accidents at work: contribution of accident investigations in the prevention and control of risks

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de contribuir en el control de accidentes de trabajo, esta investigación busca analizar si el estudio de los errores humanos en investigaciones de accidentes contribuye en las acciones para el control y reducción de accidentes de trabajo en una planta de sacrificios. El método de análisis utilizado fue la evaluación de los tipos de erro res humanos a través de una secuencia de preguntas donde hay siempre dos opciones de respuestas -sí o no- y conforme el trazado de las respuestas se crea un algoritmo que permite la detección del error. Los mayores porcentajes de errores fueron evidenciados en dos gru pos, órdenes de los supervisores y procedimientos inadecuados. Al contrario al resultado encontrado en el estudio, las acciones de segu ridad del trabajo están enfocadas en condiciones que no contribuyen en la prevención y control de los riesgos. Se puede concluir que la herramienta de análisis de riesgos utilizada por la empresa, además de despreciar el análisis de los errores huma nos, no soluciona de forma adecuada las causas ni las acciones levantadas en la investigación del accidente.

ABSTRACT In order to contribute to the control of industrial accidents this research seeks to analyze the study of human error in accident inves tigations contributes in actions for the control and reduction of accidents in a poultry slaughterhouse. The method of analysis was used to assess the types of human errors through a series of questions in which there are always two choices of answers, with a yes or no and as the way of answers creates an algorithm for error detection. The largest percentages of errors were found in two groups, the supervisor order and inadequate procedures. Contrary to the results found in the study, the work safety actions are focused on conditions that do not contribute to the prevention and control of risks. It can be concluded that the risk analysis tool used by the company in addition to neglecting the analysis of human error, does not address properly the causes and actions raised in the investigation of the accident.

Estudio sobre condiciones de dolor, incomodidad y enfermedad debido a la exposición al frío artificial y controlado en frigoríficos en el Brasil / Study of pain conditions, discomfort and disease due to cold exposure to artificial cold and controlled in slaughterhouses in Brazil

FUNDAMENTOS: El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las que jas de dolores y la temperatura superficial de la piel en tres sitios corporales localizados en las muñecas y manos (bilateralmente) de trabajadores expuestos a los ambientes artificialmente climatizados para verificar la relación de las quejas de dolor con la temperatura. MÉTODOS: Para la realización del estudio fueron recolectados datos cualitativos con el uso del cuestionario y datos cuantitativos con equipos de monitoreo ambiental y una cámara de detección de radia ción infrarroja. El estudio fue realizado con diecinueve trabajadores de un sector de un matadero de pollos. RESULTADOS: Los resultados apuntan que fueron identificadas meno res temperaturas superficiales de la piel, alcanzando un valor de 16,67 °C y fueron evidentes en los dedos de la mano que aseguran el producto, estando de acuerdo con el modelo adaptado de la ISO 11079 tratándose de una condición causadora de dolor. CONCLUSIONES: Podemos concluir que este modelo de negocio, en las circunstancias que se presentan, exponen a los trabajadores a condiciones que pueden causar malestar, dolor, accidentes y enfermedades profesionales relacionadas con la exposición al frío. Este resultado es preocupante debido a su potencial impacto en una mayor cobertura de la salud del trabajador, teniendo en cuenta que las estadísticas oficiales se refieren al crecimiento de este tipo de actividad debido al crecimiento del sector.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this research was to analyse the com plaints about pains and the surface temperature of the skin in three body sites located in the wrists and hands (bilaterally) of workers exposed to artificially conditioned environment to verify the relation ship of pain complaints with the temperature. METHODS: To conduct the study qualitative data were collected using a questionnaire and quantitative data using environmental monitoring equipment and an infrared radiation detecting camera. The study was carried out with nineteen workers in a chicken slaughterhouse sector. RESULTS: The results indicate that the lower surface temperatures of the skin reached 16,67 °C, were highlighted on the fingers that hold the product, considered according to the adapted model of ISO 11079 as a condition causing pain. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it can be concluded that this business model, under the presented circumstances, expose workers to conditions that may cause discomfort, pain, accidents and occupational diseases related to exposure to cold. This result is worrying due to its potential impact on the worker's health and greater coverage, considering that that official statistics refer to the growth of this type of activity due to the sector's expansion.

Incomodidad corporal, carga física y nivel de flexibilidad en trabajadores del sector administrativo de una institución de enseñanza superior en Florianópolis, del sur de Brasil / Body discomfort, cargo physical and flexibility in level workers in the administrative sector a higher education institution in southern Brazil

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el perfil de los funcionarios de una oficina de una institución de enseñanza superior con relación a las tareas desarrolladas y a sus manifestaciones de dolor, incomodidad corporal. Hicieron parte de este estudio 41 funcionarios que desempeñan sus actividades laborales en posición sentada. Los instrumentos utilizados en la colecta de datos fueron: la escala de Dolor o incomodidad corporal, o método RULA y el banco de Wells. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva (media, desviación estándar, frecuencia relativa) y estadística inferencial. En cuanto al análisis de las posiciones de los diferentes segmentos se observó que ninguna posición fue considerada aceptable; en pocas palabras, todas las posturas generan un riesgo a la salud del trabajador. Consideramos de esta manera un perfil negativo de los funcionarios del presente estudio con relación a la presencia de manifestación de dolor, incomodidad corporal, posiciones y sobrecarga biomecánica durante la realización de tareas y nivel de flexibilidad corporal. Que separadamente o en conjunto causan riesgo a la salud del trabajador afectando posiblemente su desempeño y calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the profile of the employees of a Secretary of an Education Institution with regard to the complaint of pain and discomfort body. Participants were 41 employees who perform their work activities in sitting on computerized terminals. The instruments used in data collection were: Scale of Pain and/or Discomfort Body, RULA method, Wells's seat. The data were processed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, relative frequency) and inferential. The analysis of the attitudes of different segments was observed that no position was considered acceptable, it means, all postures generate risk on health of the worker. It is thus a negative profile of employees of this study with regard to the complaint of pain and discomfort body postures and biomechanical overload during task performance and level of body flexibility, which separately or together may cause risks to health worker possibly affecting their performance and quality of life.